An Open Letter to the Scientific
Community cosmologystatement.org
(Published in New Scientist, May 22,
2004)
The big bang today relies on a growing number of
hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation,
dark matter and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them,
there would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by
astronomers and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field
of physics would this continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be
accepted as a way of bridging the gap between theory and observation. It
would, at the least, raise serious questions about the validity of the
underlying theory.
But the big bang theory can't survive without these
fudge factors. Without the hypothetical inflation field, the big bang does
not predict the smooth, isotropic cosmic background radiation that is
observed, because there would be no way for parts of the universe that are
now more than a few degrees away in the sky to come to the same
temperature and thus emit the same amount of microwave radiation.
Without some kind of dark matter, unlike any that we
have observed on Earth despite 20 years of experiments, big-bang theory
makes contradictory predictions for the density of matter in the universe.
Inflation requires a density 20 times larger than that implied by big bang
nucleosynthesis, the theory's explanation of the origin of the light
elements. And without dark energy, the theory predicts that the universe
is only about 8 billion years old, which is billions of years younger than
the age of many stars in our galaxy.
What is more, the big bang theory can boast of no
quantitative predictions that have subsequently been validated by
observation. The successes claimed by the theory's supporters consist of
its ability to retrospectively fit observations with a steadily increasing
array of adjustable parameters, just as the old Earth-centered cosmology
of Ptolemy needed layer upon layer of epicycles.
Yet the big bang is not the only framework available
for understanding the history of the universe. Plasma cosmology and the
steady-state model both hypothesize an evolving universe without beginning
or end. These and other alternative approaches can also explain the basic
phenomena of the cosmos, including the abundances of light elements, the
generation of large-scale structure, the cosmic background radiation, and
how the redshift of far-away galaxies increases with distance. They have
even predicted new phenomena that were subsequently observed, something
the big bang has failed to do.
Supporters of the big bang theory may retort that
these theories do not explain every cosmological observation. But that is
scarcely surprising, as their development has been severely hampered by a
complete lack of funding. Indeed, such questions and alternatives cannot
even now be freely discussed and examined. An open exchange of ideas is
lacking in most mainstream conferences. Whereas Richard Feynman could say
that "science is the culture of doubt", in cosmology today doubt and
dissent are not tolerated, and young scientists learn to remain silent if
they have something negative to say about the standard big bang model.
Those who doubt the big bang fear that saying so will cost them their
funding.
Even observations are now interpreted through this
biased filter, judged right or wrong depending on whether or not they
support the big bang. So discordant data on red shifts, lithium and helium
abundances, and galaxy distribution, among other topics, are ignored or
ridiculed. This reflects a growing dogmatic mindset that is alien to the
spirit of free scientific inquiry.
Today, virtually all financial and experimental
resources in cosmology are devoted to big bang studies. Funding comes from
only a few sources, and all the peer-review committees that control them
are dominated by supporters of the big bang. As a result, the dominance of
the big bang within the field has become self-sustaining, irrespective of
the scientific validity of the theory.
Giving support only to projects within the big bang
framework undermines a fundamental element of the scientific method -- the
constant testing of theory against observation. Such a restriction makes
unbiased discussion and research impossible. To redress this, we urge
those agencies that fund work in cosmology to set aside a significant
fraction of their funding for investigations into alternative theories and
observational contradictions of the big bang. To avoid bias, the peer
review committee that allocates such funds could be composed of
astronomers and physicists from outside the field of cosmology.
Allocating funding to investigations into the big
bang's validity, and its alternatives, would allow the scientific process
to determine our most accurate model of the history of the
universe.
If you want to sign
this statement , please click
here
Original
Signers | Scientists
and Engineers | Independent
Researchers | Other
Signers
Signed: (Institutions for identification
only) Highlighted names are linked to
related web pages
Halton
Arp, Max-Planck-Institute Fur Astrophysik (Germany) Andre Koch
Torres Assis, State University of Campinas (Brazil) Yuri Baryshev, Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg
State University (Russia) Ari Brynjolfsson, Applied Radiation
Industries (USA) Hermann Bondi, Churchill College, University of
Cambridge (UK) Timothy Eastman, Plasmas International
(USA) Chuck Gallo, Superconix, Inc.(USA) Thomas Gold, Cornell
University (emeritus) (USA) Amitabha Ghosh, Indian Institute of
Technology, Kanpur (India) Walter J. Heikkila, University of
Texas at Dallas (USA)
................................................. |
10 |
Michael Ibison, Institute for Advanced Studies at
Austin (USA) Thomas Jarboe, University of Washington
(USA) Jerry W. Jensen, ATK Propulsion (USA) Menas Kafatos,
George Mason University (USA) Eric J.
Lerner, Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (USA) Paul Marmet,
Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (retired) (Canada) Paola
Marziani, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio
Astronomico di Padova (Italy) Gregory Meholic, The Aerospace
Corporation (USA) Jacques Moret-Bailly, Université Dijon
(retired) (France) Jayant Narlikar, IUCAA(emeritus) and College
de France (India, France) ........................ |
20 |
Marcos Cesar Danhoni Neves, State University of
Maringá (Brazil) Charles D. Orth, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory (USA) R. David Pace, Lyon College (USA) Georges
Paturel, Observatoire de Lyon (France) Jean-Claude Pecker,
College de France (France) Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National
Laboratory (USA) Bill Peter, BAE Systems Advanced Technologies
(USA) David Roscoe, Sheffield University (UK) Malabika Roy,
George Mason University (USA) Sisir Roy, George Mason University
(USA)
.................................................................... |
30 |
Konrad Rudnicki, Jagiellonian University
(Poland) Domingos S.L. Soares, Federal University of Minas
Gerais (Brazil) John L. West, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology (USA) James F. Woodward,
California State University, Fullerton (USA) |
|
New signers of the Open letter since
publication
Scientists and
Engineers
Jorge Marao Universidade Estadual de
Londrina Brazi Martin John Baker, Loretto School
Musselburgh, UK Peter J Carroll, Psychonaut Institute,
UK Roger Y. Gouin, Ecole Superieure d'Electricite,
France John Murray, Sunyata Composite Ltd, UK Jonathan
Chambers, University of Sheffield, UK
................................................................. |
40 |
Michel A. Duguay, Laval University,
Canada Qi Pan, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK Fred Rost,
University of NSW (Emeritus), Australia Louis Hissink, Consulting
Geologist, Australia Hetu Sheth, Earth Sciences, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, India Lassi Hyvärinen, IBM(Ret),
France Max Whisson, University of Melbourne,
Australia R.S.Griffiths, CADAS, UK Adolf Muenker, Brane
Industries, USA Emre Isik Akdeniz
University Turkey
.................................. |
50 |
Felipe de Oliveira Alves, Federal University of
Minas Gerais, Brazil Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud, Service
d'Astrophysique, CEA, France Kim George, Curtin University of
Technology, Australia Tom Van
Flandern, Meta Research, USA Doneley Watson, IBM (ret.),
USA Fred Alan Wolf, Have Brains / Will Travel, USA Robert
Wood, IEEE, Canada D. W. Harris, L-3 Communications, USA Eugene Sittampalam,
Engineering consultant, Sri Lanka Joseph.B. Krieger, Brooklyn
College, CUNY, USA
............................................................ |
60 |
Pablo Vasquez, New Jersey Institute of Technology,
USA Peter F. Richiuso, NASA, KSC, USA Roger A. Rydin,
University of Virginia (Emeritus), USA Stefan Rydstrom, Royal
Institute of Technology, Sweden Sylvan J. Hotch, The MITRE
Corporation (Retired), USA Thomas R. Love, CSU Dominguez Hills,
USA Andrew Coles, Embedded Systems, USA Eit Gaastra, infinite universe
researcher, The Netherlands Franco Selleri, Università
di Bari, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy Gerald Pease, The
Aerospace Corporation, USA
.............................................................. |
70 |
S.N. Arteha, Space Research Institute,
Russia Miroslaw Kozlowski, Warsaw University (emeritus),
Poland John
Hartnett, School of Physics, University of Western Australia,
Australia Robert Zubrin, Pioneer Astronautics, USA Tibor
Gasparik, SUNY at Stony Brook, USA Alexandre Losev, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Henry Hall, University of
Manchester, UK José da Silva, Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais, Brazil Markus Rohner, Griesser AG, Switzerland William C. Mitchell, Institute for Advanced
Cosmological Studies, USA
............................. |
80 |
Aurea Garcia-Rissmann, UFSC, Brazil Cristian R.
Ghezzi, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil Daniel Nicolato
Epitácio Pereira, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil Gregory M. Salyards, US Naval Sea Systems Command (ret.),
USA Luiz Carlos Barbosa, Unicamp, Brazil Luiz Carlos
Jafelice, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte,
Brazil Michael Sosteric, Athabasca University, Canada Steven
Langley Guy, University of Elizabeth (Physics Department),
Australia Robert Fritzius, Shade Tree Physics, USA Irineu
Gomes Varella, Escola Municipal de Astrofísica, Brazil
............................................... |
90 |
Tom Walther, Southern Cross University Australia ,
Australia Mauro Cosentino, University of São Paulo,
Brazil Moacir Lacerda, Univeersidade Federal de Mato Grosso do
Sul, Brazil Roberto Assumpcao, PUC Minas, Brazil Roberto Lopes
Parra, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil Ronaldo Junio Camppos
Batista, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil Ermenegildo
Caccese, University of Basilicata, Italy Felipe Sofia Zanuzzo,
Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil Edival de Morais,
Sociedade Brasileira de Física, Brazil Graham Coupe, KAZ
Technology Services, Australia
....................................................... |
100 |
Gordon Petrie, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR,
USA, Jose B.
Almeida, University of Minho, Portugal, Antonio Cleiton,
Laboratório de Sistemas Complexos - UFPI, Brazil Sergey Karpov,
L.V.Kirensky Institute of Physics Russian Academy of Sciences,
Russia Wagner Patrick Junqueira de Souza Coelho Nicácio,
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil Sokolov Vladimir,
Special Astrophysical Observatory of RAS,
Russia Edwin G. Schasteen, TAP-TEN Research Foundation
International, USA Gerry Zeitlin, openseti.org, USA Henry H.
Bauer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University,
USA Yasha Fard,H.R. Cosmology Institute, Canada
.................................................................. |
110 |
Roberto Caimmi, Astronomy Department, Padua
University, Italy Tobias
Keller, ETH (SFIT) Zurich, Earth Sciences,
Switzerland, Deborah Foch,
Center for the Study of Extraterrestrial Intelligence,
USA, Henry Reynolds, UC Santa Cruz, USA, Paramahamsa
Tewari, Nuclear Power Corporation (ret.),India Jouko Seppänen,
Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Cristiane Ribeiro
Bernardes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil Eric
Blievernicht. TRW, USA Dr. Robert Bennett, Kolbe Center,
USA, Hilton Ratcliffe, Astronomical Society of South Africa,
South Africa ....................................... |
120 |
Wieslaw Sztumski, Silesian University, Poland
Lars Wåhlin,Colutron Research Corporation,USA Riccardo Scarpa, European
Southern Observatory, Italy, Olivier Marco, European Southern
Observatory, France Joseph Garcia,
International Radiation Protection, Germany, Arkadiusz
Jadczyk, International Institute of Mathematical Physics,
Lithuania Jean de Pontcharra, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique,
France Gerardus D. Bouw, Baldwin-Wallace College, USA Josef Lutz,
Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany, Harold E.
Puthoff, Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, USA.
.......................................... |
130 |
Hermann Dürkop, Nabla
Systemberatung, Germany, Klaus
Fischer, Universität Trier, Germany, Werner Holzmüller,
University Leipzig, Germany Sol Aisenberg, International
Technology Group, USA Richard Gancarczyk, University of
Nottingham, UK Steve Humphry, Murdoch University,
Australia Alberto Bolognesi, Università di Perugia,
Italy Daniele Carosati, Armenzano Observatory, Italy Brendan
Dean, H.R. Cosmology Institute, Canada W. Jim Jastrzebski, Warsaw
University,
Poland .................................................. |
140 |
Gero
Rupprecht, European Southern Observatory, Germany Rainer
Herrmann TEWS-Elektronik Germany
Felix Pharand University of
Montreal Canada Jerry Bergman Northwest
State University
USA Tibor
Gasparik SUNY at Stony Brook USA
Rei
Gunn University of Nantucket
USA Sinan
Alis Eyuboglu Twin Observatories
Turkey Esat Rennan Pekünlü University of
EGE Turkey Anne M.
Hofmeister Washington U. USA Quentin
Foreman IEEE New Zealand
.................................................................... |
150 |
Marc Berndl University of Toronto
Canada Y. P. Varshni
University of Ottawa Canada Robert Martinek
McMaster University Canada Bob Criss Washington
University USA Sol
Aisenberg, International Technology Group, USA Paul
LaViolette, The Starburst Foundation, U.S.A. Seetesh Pandé,
Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon France TAHIR MAQSOOD, PSA,
PAKISTAN Hartmut Traunmüller, University of Stockholm, Sweden
..................................................... |
160 |
Nico
F. Benschop, Amspade Research, Netherlands Aaron Blake, USAF,
USA M. Ross Fergus, University of Memphis,
USA Sonu Bhaskar,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India Frederico V. F., Lima
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil Andrei Kirilyuk,
Institute of Metal Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of
Ukraine, Ukraine Christian Jooss, Institut fuer
Materialphysik, University of Goettingen, Germany Sonu Bhaskar, BCISR,
India Robert O. Myers, ROM Technologies, USA Ana Cristina
Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
..................................... |
170 |
John Wey, Idaho National Laboratory, USA Jorge Francisco Maldonado Serrano,
UIS, Colombia Pasquale Galianni, Dipartimento di Fisica
Università di Lecce, Italy Martín
López-Corredoira, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias,
Spain Michael A. Ivanov,
Belarus State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics,
Belarus Xiao Jianhua , Shanghai Jiaotong University,
China Pierre J. Beaujon, Hoornbeeck College, The
Netherlands J.Georg von Brzeski Helios Labs. USA vidyardhi nanduri ,
Cosmology Research center , India Mike Rotch NBSA
USA
....................................................... |
180 |
Paul Noel,
Independent_Researcher, USA Swee Eng, AW Royal College of
Pathologists, SINGAPORE Ricardo Rodríguez , La Laguna University
, Spain Linda Camp Harvard University USA James B. Schwartz
, The Noah's Ark Research Foundation , Philippines Marshall
Douglas Smith , TeddySpeaks Foundation ,USA Abbé Grumel ,
Association Copernic , France Ives van Leth Waterboard
Utrecht The Netherlands Francis Michael C. Perez, Department of
Transportation, USA AHMED
A. EL-DASH UNICAMP BRAZIL
................................................... |
190 |
David C Ware, University of Auckland, New
Zealand Alek Atevik, Skopje Astronomy Society, Macedonia
Peter Rowlands, University of Liverpool, UK Robert Day, Suntola Consulting, Ltd.,
USA Luís Paulo Sousa
Loureiro, Portugal Maingot
Fabrice, Université Louis Pasteur, France Kris
Krogh, University of California, USA Pierre-Marie Robitaille, The
Ohio State University, United States Charles Creager Jr,
Creation Research Society, United States Stephan Gift, The University of the
West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago ... |
200 |
Joseph J.
Smulsky, Institute of Earth's Cryosphere Siberian Branch Russian
Academy of Sciences, Russia Jorge Marao Universidade
Estadual de Londrina Brazil Jim O'Reilly Orion
Consultants USA Robert MacKay
University of Warwick UK
Chris Vermeulen Astronomical
Society of Southern Africa South Africa Emilson Pereira Leite
Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Brazil Allen W Green
ATK Space Systems USA Ron Balsys
Central Queensland University Australia Paul ten Boom
University of New South Wales Australia Mosheh Thezion The Empirical
Church, USA
.......................................... |
210 |
Markus,
Karsten,, Wilhelm-Foerster-Observatory Berlin e.V Don. C. Wilson,: Process
Technology and Development, USA Marek Gajewski, Raytheon
Co.,USA Tuncay
DOGAN, University of EGE, Turkey Andrew M Uhl,
Pennsylvania State Univeristy, USA Klaus Wieder,
Independent_Researcher, Germany John Caley, Omegafour Pty Ltd, Australia Keith Scott-Mumby, Capital University for
Integrative Medicine/California Institute for Human Sciences,
USA ............................. |
218 |
Independent
Researchers
Garth A
Barber, independent researcher, UK Alberto Bolognesi, Independent Researcher,
Italy DEAN L MAMAS, Independent
Researcher, USA David Blackford,
Independent_Researcher, UK Alan Rees,
Independent Researcher, Sweden Udayan
Chakravarty, Independent Researcher, India Georg Gane, Independent Researcher, Germany Robin Whittle, Independent
Researcher, Australi, Joseph A. Rybczyk, Independent
Researcher, USA G.Srinivasan,
Independent_Researcher, India,
........................................................ |
10 |
Geoffrey E. Willcher independent
researcher USA Douglas S. Robbemond independent researcher the
Netherlands khosrow fariborzi independent researcher Iran
Etienne Bielen independent researcher Belgium Steve Newman
independent researcher USA Ethan Skyler, Independent
researcher, USA
Yvon Dufour, Independent Researcher,
Canada Jorge Ales
Corona Independent Researcher
Spain Cristiano De Angelis, Independent Researcher,
Italy Roland Le Houillier, Independent Researcher, Canada
................................................ |
20 |
Richard Tobey Independent researcher
USA Steve McMahon Independent researcher USA
Eugene Savov,
Independent researcher, Bulgaria Lars Woldseth, Independent
researcher, Norway Robert L. Brueck, Independent researcher,
USA Mark S Thornhill, Independent Researcher, United
Kingdom Nainan. K.
Varghese, Independent Researcher, India, Andrew
Kulikovsky, Independent Researcher, Australia Charles Sven, Independent
Researcher, USA Gabriele Manzotti, Independent Researcher,
Italy ..................................................... |
30 |
Brian S. Clark independent researcher
USA Jim O'Reilly Orion Consultants USA Geoffrey E. Willcher
independent researcher USA Douglas S. Robbemond independent
researcher the Netherlands khosrow fariborzi independent
researcher Iran Etienne Bielen independent researcher Belgium
Steve Newman independent researcher USA Thomas G. Franzel
independent researcher USA Bernhard Reddemann independent
researcher Germany Ives van Leth Waterboard Utrecht The
Netherlands
............................................... |
40 |
Jeroen van der Rijst independent
researcher The Netherlands Harry Costas independent researcher
Australia Andrei Wasylyk independent researcher Canada Jack Ruijs independent
researcher The Netherlands Leo Sarasúa independent
researcher The Netherlands Edward Smith
independent researcher USA Linda Camp Harvard University USA
Gary Meade independent researcher USA Stan Kabacinski independent
researcher Australia Jack Dejong independent researcher USA
........................................................... |
50 |
J.Georg von Brzeski Helios Labs. USA
Nigel Edwards, Independent Researcher,
Australia Dieter Schumacher, Independent Researcher, Germany
Rudolf Kiesslinger, Independent Researcher,
Germany Gerd Schulte,
Independent Researcher, Germany Stuart Eves, Independent
Researcher, UK James Marsen independent researcher
USA Edgar
Paternina independent researcher Colombia Donald E. Scott
Independent_Researcher: USA José M?df; Cat Casanovas,
Independent researcher, Spain ........................................... |
60 |
Aaron Hill, Independent Researcher,
USA, Hans-Dieter Radecke, Independent Researcher,
Germany Mawell P Davis Independent
Researcher New Zealand Gordon E.
Mackay Independent
Researcher USA Dave Sagar
Independent Researcher
USA Benjamin I.
Iglesias Independent Researcher
Spain Alper
Kozan Independent Researcher
Turkey Hartmut Warm,
Independent Researcher, Germany Jan Mugele
Independent Researcher Germany Andrew Rigg Independent
Researcher Australia
...................................................... |
70 |
Thomas Riedel Independent researcher
Denmark Helen Workman Independent researcher
Canada Morris
Anderson, Independent researcher, USA Mario Cosentino, Independent
researcher, France Paul Richard Price, Independent
researcher, United States Philip Lilien, Independent Researcher,
USA Ott Köstner, Independent researcher, Estonia Bozidar
Kornic, Independent researcher, USA William F. Hamilton,
Independent researcher, U.S.A. Joel Morrison, Independent
researcher, USA
....................................................... |
80 |
James R. Frass, Independent Researcher,
Canada Arnold Wittkamp, Independent Researcher, Netherlands Dimi Chakalov,
Independent Researcher, Bulgaria Herb Doughty, Independent
Researcher, USA Robert F. Beck,
Independent Researcher, UK Tuomo Suntola, Independent
Researcher, Finland Richard Hillgrove, Independent
Researcher, New Zealand Herbert J. Spencer, Independent
Researcher, Canada Thomas B. Andrews, Independent
Researcher, USA John Dean , Independent Researcher , South
Africa
........................................................ |
90 |
Peter Loster , Independent Researcher ,
Germany Charles Francis, Independent Researcher , UK Ahmed
Mowaffaq AlANNI , Independent Researcher , Iraq Mogens
Wegener , Independent Researcher , DENMARK Peter Jakubowski, Independent Researcher , Germany
John Brodix
Merryman Jr. , Independent Researcher , USA Christian Boland
, Independent Researcher , Belgium Warren S. Taylor, Independent
Researcher, USA Constantin Leshan, Independent
Researcher , Moldova Avid Samwaru, Independent Researcher,
USA
...................................................... |
100 |
Thomas Goodey,
Independent Researcher, UK Johan Masreliez, Independent
Researcher, USA Efrèn Cañedo, Independent Researcher ,
Mèxico Michael Bliznetsov,
Independent Researcher, Russia Peter Michalicka, Independent
Researcher, Austria Ivan
D. Alexander , Independent Researcher, S. Ray DeRusse, Independent
Researcher, USA Chris Maharaj, Independent Researcher,
Trinidad Peter Warlow, Independent Researcher, United
Kingdom Gordon Wheeler, Independent Researcher, United States
.................................................. |
110 |
Boxer Ma,
Independent Researcher, Thailand Robert Wido, Independent
Researcher, United States John Hunter
independent researcher U.K Marcelo de Almeida Bueno
independent researcher Brazil Jean-Pierre Ady Fenyo,
Independent Researcher, United Status Adam W.L. Chan ,
Independent Researcher , Hong Kong Renato Giussani
independent researcher Italy Brian S.
Clark independent researcher USA Mustafa Kemal Oyman,
Independent Researcher, Turkey Richard Wayte, independent
researcher, UK
....................................................... |
120 |
Ron Ragusa independent researcher USA
N.Vivian Pope
independent researcher UK Roy
Caswell independent researcher United Kingdom Erin S. Myers
independent researcher USA Ugo Nwaozuzu independent researcher
Singapore Daniel Coman independent researcher USA Birgid
Mueller independent researcher Mexico Mihail Gonta independent
researcher Moldova Vladimir Rogozhin independent
researcher Russia J. J.
Weissmuller independent researcher USA ......................................................... |
130 |
Muhammed Anwar independent researcher India
Geldtmeijer Djamidin independent researcher Netherlands Scott G.
Beach independent researcher Canada Neil Hargreaves
independent researcher UK julian braggins independent researcher
Australia Kari
Saarikoski, Independent_Researcher, Finland Marcelo de Almeida Bueno independent
researcher Brazil Ron Ragusa independent researcher USA
Brian S. Clark independent researcher USA Geoffrey E.
Willcher independent researcher USA
.................................................. |
140 |
Douglas S. Robbemond independent researcher the
Netherlands khosrow fariborzi independent researcher Iran
Etienne Bielen independent researcher Belgium Steve Newman
independent researcher USA John Hunter independent researcher
U.K Jeroen van der Rijst independent researcher The
Netherlands Thomas G. Franzel independent researcher USA
Bernhard Reddemann independent researcher Germany Leo
Sarasúa independent researcher The Netherlands Edward Smith
independent researcher USA
.......................................................... |
150 |
Gary Meade independent researcher USA Stan Kabacinski independent
researcher Australia Jack Dejong independent researcher USA
Harry Costas independent researcher Australia Andrei Wasylyk
independent researcher Canada Jack Ruijs independent
researcher The Netherlands James Marsen independent
researcher USA Edgar Paternina
independent researcher Colombia Ghertza Roman,
Independent_Researcher, Romania Roland Schubert,
Independent_Researcher, Germany
..................................... |
160 |
Alexandre Wajnberg,
Independent Researcher, Skyne, Belgium Dennis H Cowdrick Scientific
Independent_Researcher: USA Michail Telegin
Independent_Researcher: Russia Robert L Stafford,
Independent_Researcher, USA
Martin
Sach, Independent_Researcher, UK Charles L. Sanders,
Independent_Researcher, USA/South Korea Alex Carlson,
Independent_Researcher, United States Lyndon Ashmore,
Independent_Researcher, UK Liedmann, Matthias,
Unaffiliated_Scientific_Researcher, Germany Ingvar Astrand,
Independent_Researcher, Sweden
......................................... |
170 |
Olli
Santavuori, Independent_Researcher, Finlande Touho Ankka,
Independent_Researcher, Finland JR Croca, Independent_Researcher,
Portugal Sol
Aisenberg, Independent_Researcher, USA Mustafa Kemal OYMAN,
Independent_Researcher, Turkey Gerard ZONUS,
Independent_Researcher, FRANCE David W. Knight,
Independent_Researcher, USA Marcel Lutttgens,
Independent_Researcher, France Dr Stephen Birch,
Independent_Researcher, United Kingdom Abramyan G.L.,
Independent_Researcher, Russia
.................................. |
180 |
Martin Peprnik,
Independent_Researcher, Slowakia Van Den Hauwe, PhD,
Independent_Researcher,: Belgium Ingvar Astrand,
Independent_Researcher, Sweden Daniel Toohey,
Independent_Researcher, Australia Jed Shlackman, M.S. Ed. (LMHC,
C.Ht.), Independent_Researcher, USA Dr. John Michael Nahay,
Independent_Researcher Guido Grzinic,
Independent_Researcher, Australia ................. |
187 |
Other
Signers
Charles Weber,USA David Gershon ,USA Peter G
Smith ,USA Richard J. Lawrence ,USA Naszvadi László,
Hungary Roger W. Browne, USA Bart Clauwens,
Netherlands Noah Feiler-Poethke, USA Jonathan Hardy,
UK John S. Kundrat, USA
........................................................................... |
10 |
Vincent
Sauve, USA Chris Somers, Australia Jagroop Sahota,
USA Edgar Raab, Germany Gordon Hogenson, USA Burebista
Dacia, Romania Christel Hahn, Germany Burebista Dacia,
Romania Christel Hahn, Germany Robert Angstrom,
USA
.............................................................................. |
20 |
Norman Chadwick, USA Harley Orr, USA Clive
Martin-Ross, UK Alasdair Martin, UK Marcus Ellspermann,
Germany Bruce Richardson, USA John Dill, USA Judith
Woollard
Australia Michael
Cyrek USA Randall
Meyers ITALY
............................................................................................... |
30 |
Craig
Arend USA
Onur
Cantimur Turkey Roland
Scheel France Murat Isik Turkey Markus
Hellebrandt Germany Mehmet Kara Turkey Abhishek Dey Das
India D. N. Vazquez USA Suzan R. Rodenburg
USA Shuming Zhang China
................................................................................................. |
40 |
Codie Vickers USA Richard Tobey USA
Elfriede Steiner-Grillmair, Canada Gabriele Manzotti,
Italy Michael Wember, USA Fuksz Levente, Romania Seppo
Tuominen, Finland Marvin C. Katz, USA Laura Fridley,
USA Michael Christian, U.S.A
........................................................................................... |
50 |
Edgar S. Hill
USA Q. John T. Malone USA Michael Bruttel
Switzerland Eric W. LaFlamme USA Robert Diegis,
Romania William S.
Jarnagin, USA Kevin
Glaser, USA Robert Diegis, Romania William S. Jarnagin,
USA Kevin Glaser,
USA
................................................................................................ |
60 |
JoAnn Arcuri USA Attila Csanyi USA
Pratik Sinha
India Donald C. Bull New Zealand Hans Walhout
Netherlands Robyn Stewart Australia Tor Johannessen Norway
Rick Schmidt USA Terence Watts UK Jody Fulford USA
............................................................................................ |
70 |
Gene
Gordon USA Monica Veloso Alves Brazil Ferdi Prins South
Africa Adam Hansil USA Herbert M Watson USA John Patchett
UK Jurrie Noordijk,
The Netherlands P.S. Phillips,
U.S.A JoAnn Arcuri USA Martin Gradwell , ns,
United Kingdom
.............................................................. |
80 |
Sami Murtomäki, Ns, Finland Anthony Abruzzo ,
United States Tim Reed, ns, USA Daniel Rijo , ns, USA Ken
Couesbouc , ns, France David
L. Harrison, United States Kees de Boer Tom HigginsUSA David Calder Hardy, New
Zealand Jochen
Moerman, Belgium
......................................................................... |
90 |
Berend de
Boer, New Zealand Edward E. Rom, USA Jukka Kinnunen,
Finland Jerome M. Hall,
USA Maria Alvarez, Argentina Paul Chabot,
Canada Julia,
Russia Amr Malik:
Canada Maureen
Bevill, USA Horst Barwinek,
Austria................................................................ |
100 |
Lindsay
Smith, Australia Richard DeLano, USA.
Stefan
Landherr, Australia Peter Wilson, USA Gregory Kiser, USA
............................................................. |
105 |
|